DB2 Scalar functions - VARGRAPHIC


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Desenvolvido por DORNELLES Carlos Alberto - Analista de Sistemas - Brasília DF. - cad_cobol@hotmail.com

VARGRAPHIC

The VARGRAPHIC function returns a varying-length graphic string representation of a value of a different data type.

Integer to vargraphic

VARGRAPHIC ( integer-expression )

Decimal to vargraphic

VARGRAPHIC ( decimal-expression ,decimal-character )

Floating-point to vargraphic

VARGRAPHIC ( floating-point-expression ,decimal-character)

Decimal floating-point to vargraphic

VARGRAPHIC ( decimal-floating-point-expression ,decimal-character)

Character to vargraphic

VARGRAPHIC ( character-expression ,integer)

Graphic to vargraphic

VARGRAPHIC ( graphic-expression ,integer )

Datetime to vargraphic

VARGRAPHIC ( datetime-expression ,ISOUSAEURJISLOCAL )

Boolean to vargraphic

VARGRAPHIC ( boolean-expression )

The schema is SYSIBM.
The function name cannot be specified as a qualified name when keywords are used in the function signature.

Integer to vargraphic
integer-expression
An expression that returns a value that is of an integer data type (SMALLINT, INTEGER, or BIGINT).

The result is the varying-length graphic string representation of integer-expression in the form of an SQL integer constant.
The length attribute of the result depends on whether integer-expression is a small, large or big integer as follows:

  • If the first argument is a small integer, the maximum length of the result is 6.
  • If the first argument is a large integer, the maximum length of the result is 11.
  • If the first argument is a big integer, the maximum length of the result is 20.
The actual length of the result is the smallest number of double-byte characters that can be used to represent the value of the argument.
Leading zeros are not included. If the argument is negative, the first double-byte character of the result is a minus sign; otherwise, the first double-byte character is a digit.

The code page of the result is the DBCS code page of the section.

Decimal to vargraphic
decimal-expression
An expression that returns a value that is a decimal data type.
The DECIMAL scalar function can be used to change the precision and scale.
decimal-character
Specifies the double-byte character constant that is used to delimit the decimal digits in the result graphic string.
The double-byte character constant cannot be a digit, the plus sign (+), the minus sign (-), or a blank (SQLSTATE 42815).
The default is the period (.) character.
The result is a varying-length graphic string representation of decimal-expression in the form of an SQL decimal constant.
The length attribute of the result is 2+p, where p is the precision of decimal-expression.
The actual length of the result is the smallest number of double-byte characters that can be used to represent the result, except that trailing zeros are included.
Leading zeros are not included. If decimal-expression is negative, the first double-byte character of the result is a minus sign; otherwise, the first double-byte character is a digit or the decimal character.
If the scale of decimal-expression is zero, the decimal character is not returned.

The code page of the result is the DBCS code page of the section.

Floating-point to vargraphic
floating-point-expression
An expression that returns a value that is a floating-point data type (DOUBLE or REAL).
decimal-character
Specifies the double-byte character constant that is used to delimit the decimal digits in the result graphic string.
The double-byte character constant cannot be a digit, the plus sign (+), the minus sign (-), or a blank (SQLSTATE 42815).
The default is the period (.) character.

The result is a varying-length graphic string representation of floating-point-expression in the form of an SQL floating-point constant.

The maximum length of the result is 24.
The actual length of the result is the smallest number of double-byte characters that can represent the value of floating-point-expression such that the mantissa consists of a single digit other than zero followed by the decimal-character and a sequence of digits.
If floating-point-expression is negative, the first double-byte character of the result is a minus sign; otherwise, the first double-byte character is a digit.
If floating-point-expression is zero, the result is 0E0.

The code page of the result is the DBCS code page of the section.

Decimal floating-point to vargraphic
decimal-floating-point-expression
An expression that returns a value that is a decimal floating-point data type (DECFLOAT).
decimal-character
Specifies the double-byte character constant that is used to delimit the decimal digits in the result graphic string.
The double-byte character constant cannot be a digit, the plus sign (+), the minus sign (-), or a blank (SQLSTATE 42815).
The default is the period (.) character.

The result is a varying-length graphic string representation of decimal-floating-point-expression in the form of an SQL decimal floating-point constant.
The maximum length of the result is 42.
The actual length of the result is the smallest number of double-byte characters that can represent the value of decimal-floating-point-expression.
If decimal-floating-point-expression is negative, the first double-byte character of the result is a minus sign; otherwise, the first double-byte character is a digit.
If decimal-floating-point-expression is zero, the result is 0.

If the value of decimal-floating-point-expression is the special value Infinity, sNaN, or NaN, the strings G'INFINITY', G'SNAN', and G'NAN', respectively, are returned.
If the special value is negative, the first double-byte character of the result is a minus sign.
The decimal floating-point special value sNaN does not result in a warning when converted to a string.

The code page of the result is the DBCS code page of the section.

Character to vargraphic
In Unicode databases:
character-expression
An expression that returns a value that is a built-in character string data type.
The expression must not be a FOR BIT DATA subtype (SQLSTATE 42846).
integer
An integer constant that specifies the length attribute for the resulting varying-length graphic string.
The value must be between 0 and the maximum length for the VARGRAPHIC data type in the string units of the result.

If the second argument is not specified:

  • If the character-expression is the empty string constant, the length attribute of the result is 0.
  • Otherwise, the length attribute of the result is the lower of the following values:
    • The maximum length for the VARGRAPHIC data type in the string units of the result.
    • The length attribute of the first argument.

The result is a varying-length graphic string that is converted from character-expression.
The length attribute of the result is determined by the value of integer.

If the length of character-expression that is converted to a graphic string is greater than the length attribute of the result, several scenarios exist:

  • If the string unit of the result is CODEUNITS32, truncation is performed.
    If only blank characters are truncated and character-expression is CHAR or VARCHAR, no warning is returned. Otherwise, a warning is returned (SQLSTATE 01004).
  • If integer is specified, truncation is performed with a warning returned (SQLSTATE 01004).
    When the output string is truncated, such that the last character is a high surrogate, that surrogate is deleted. Do not rely on this behavior because it might change in a future release.
  • If integer is not specified and character-expression is a VARCHAR, truncation is performed with a warning returned (SQLSTATE 01004).
  • If integer is not specified and character-expression is a CLOB, an error is returned (SQLSTATE 22001).

This function converts character-expression from UTF-8 to UTF-16. Every character of character-expression is converted.

In non-Unicode databases:
character-expression
An expression that returns a value that is a built-in CHAR or VARCHAR data type.

The result is a varying-length graphic string that is converted from character-expression.
The length attribute of the result is the minimum of the length attribute of character-expression and the maximum length for the VARGRAPHIC data type.

If the length of character-expression that is converted to a graphic string is greater than the length attribute of the result, an error is returned (SQLSTATE 22001).

For databases with a code set that is not Japanese EUC (code page 954) or Traditional Chinese (code page 964), each single-byte character in character-expression is converted to its equivalent double-byte representation or to the double-byte substitution character in the result.
Each double-byte character in character-expression is mapped without extra conversion.
If the first byte of a double-byte character appears as the last byte of character-expression, it is converted to the double-byte substitution character.
The sequential order of the characters in character-expression is preserved.
No warning or error code is generated if one or more double-byte substitution characters are returned in the result.

For details about the conversion process for databases with a code set that is Japanese EUC (code page 954) or Traditional Chinese (code page 964), refer to the Related Links section.

Graphic to vargraphic
graphic-expression
An expression that returns a value that is a built-in graphic string data type.
integer
An integer constant that specifies the length attribute for the resulting varying-length graphic string.
The value must be between 0 and the maximum length for the VARGRAPHIC data type in the string units of the result.
If the second argument is not specified:
  • If the graphic-expression is the empty string constant, the length attribute of the result is 0.
  • Otherwise, the length attribute of the result is the lower of the following values:
    • The maximum length for the VARGRAPHIC data type in the string units of the result
    • The length attribute of the first argument

The result is a varying-length graphic string.
The length attribute of the result is determined by the value of integer.

If the length of graphic-expression is greater than the length attribute of the result, several scenarios exist:

  • If the string unit of the result is CODEUNITS32, truncation is performed.
    If only blank characters are truncated and graphic-expression is GRAPHIC or VARGRAPHIC, no warning is returned.
    Otherwise, a warning is returned (SQLSTATE 01004).
  • If integer is specified, truncation is performed.
    If only blank characters are truncated and graphic-expression is GRAPHIC or VARGRAPHIC, no warning is returned.
    Otherwise, a warning is returned (SQLSTATE 01004).
    In a Unicode database, when the output string is truncated, such that the last character is a high surrogate, that surrogate is converted to the blank character (X'0020').
    Do not rely on this behavior, because it might change in a future release.
  • If integer is not specified, an error is returned (SQLSTATE 22001).

Datetime to vargraphic
datetime-expression
An expression that is one of the following data types:
DATE
The result is the graphic string representation of the date in the format specified by the second argument.
The length of the result is 10.
An error is returned if the second argument is specified and is not a valid value (SQLSTATE 42703).
TIME
The result is the graphic string representation of the time in the format specified by the second argument.
The length of the result is 8.
An error is returned if the second argument is specified and is not a valid value (SQLSTATE 42703).
TIMESTAMP
The result is the graphic string representation of the timestamp.
If the data type of datetime-expression is TIMESTAMP(0), the length of the result is 19.
If the data type of datetime-expression is TIMESTAMP(n), where n is between 1 and 12, the length of the result is 20+n.
Otherwise, the length of the result is 26. The second argument must not be specified (SQLSTATE 42815).
The code page of the result is the DBCS code page of the section.
Boolean to vargraphic
boolean-expression
An expression that returns a Boolean value (TRUE or FALSE).
The result is either 'TRUE' or 'FALSE'.

Result

The VARGRAPHIC function returns a varying-length graphic string representation of:

  • An integer number (Unicode database only), if the first argument is a SMALLINT, INTEGER, or BIGINT
  • A decimal number (Unicode database only), if the first argument is a decimal number
  • A double-precision floating-point number (Unicode database only), if the first argument is a DOUBLE or REAL
  • A decimal floating-point number (Unicode database only), if the first argument is a decimal floating-point number (DECFLOAT)
  • A character string, if the first argument is any type of character string
  • A graphic string, if the first argument is any type of graphic string
  • A datetime value (Unicode databases only), if the first argument is a DATE, TIME, or TIMESTAMP
  • A Boolean value (TRUE or FALSE)

In a non-Unicode database, the string units of the result is double bytes.
Otherwise, the string units of the result is determined by the data type of the first argument.

  • CODEUNITS16, if the first argument is character string or a graphic string with string units of OCTETS or CODEUNITS16.
  • CODEUNITS32, if the first argument is character string or a graphic string with string units of CODEUNITS32.
  • Determined by the default string unit of the environment, if the first argument is not a character string or a graphic string.

If the first argument can be null, the result can be null; if the first argument is null, the result is the null value.

Notes

  • Increasing portability of applications:
    If the first argument is numeric, or if the first argument is a string and the length argument is specified, use the CAST specification instead of this function to increase the portability of your applications.

Examples

  1. The EDLEVEL column is defined as SMALLINT.
    The following statement returns the value as a varying-length graphic string. 
       SELECT VARGRAPHIC(EDLEVEL) 
   FROM   EMPLOYEE 
   WHERE  LASTNAME = 'HAAS'
    Results in the value G'18'.

  2. The SALARY and COMM columns are defined as DECIMAL with a precision of 9 and a scale of 2. Return the total income for employee Haas using the comma decimal character. 
       SELECT VARGRAPHIC(SALARY + COMM, ',') 
   FROM   EMPLOYEE 
   WHERE  LASTNAME = 'HAAS'
    Results in the value G'56970,00'.

  3. The following statement returns a string of data type VARGRAPHIC with the value 'TRUE'. 
       values VARGRAPHIC(3=3)
  4. The following statement returns a string of data type VARGRAPHIC with the value 'FALSE'. 
       values VARGRAPHIC(3>3)

Related reference


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